㈠ 涔版埧緗戠懼悗鎴垮瓙灝辨槸鑷宸辯殑浜嗗悧 涔版埧緗戠句簡閾惰屽℃壒涓嶉氳繃鎬庝箞鍔
涔版埧鏄闇瑕佺粡鍘嗗緢澶氫釜嫻佺▼鐨勶紝鍏朵腑緗戠懼氨鏄鏈寮濮嬬殑姝ラゃ備竴鑸緗戠炬槸浜屾墜鎴誇拱鍗栧剁懼畬璐鎴垮悎鍚屽悗闇瑕佺殑闈㈢撅紝鐪嬩綘鏄鍚︾﹀悎璧勬牸璐鋒撅紝榪欎釜鏃跺欐埧瀛愬苟涓嶅睘浜庝綘錛岀瓑鍒版埧鏈鎷垮埌鎵嬪悗鎵嶅睘浜庤嚜宸便
涔版埧緗戠懼悗鎴垮瓙灝辨槸鑷宸辯殑浜嗗悧
緗戠句箣鍚庢埧瀛愯繕涓嶆槸鐪熸ｅ睘浜庝綘鐨勶紝緗戠炬槸鍦ㄤ拱鍗栧弻鏂圭捐㈠畬鍚堝悓涔嬪悗鎵嶅幓鎴跨″矓緗戠捐繘琛屽囨堬紝榪欎釜鏃跺欎綘榪樻病鏈変氦娓呮埧嬈撅紝鎴垮瓙鑲瀹氫笉灞炰簬浣犵殑銆傚彧鏈夌瓑浜ゅ畬鎴挎撅紝鎷垮埌鏂扮殑鎴誇駭璇佷箣鍚庤繖涓鎴垮瓙鎵嶇湡姝ｅ睘浜庝綘銆傜幇鍦ㄨ喘涔版埧瀛愯繕鏄鏈夊緢澶氶渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑錛屽湪涔版埧鐨勬椂鍊欓渶瑕佹牴鎹鑷宸辯殑緇忔祹榪涜岃喘涔幫紝鍦ㄤ拱鎴跨殑鏃跺欎篃闇瑕佺湅濂芥埧瀛愮殑鍚勬柟闈錛岃佺湅鎴垮瓙鐨勮川閲忔垨鑰呯敓媧婚厤濂楃瓑絳夈
涔版埧緗戠句簡榪樿兘鎹㈡埧鍚
涔版埧緗戠句簡榪樿兘鎹㈡埧錛岄渶瑕佸湪鎴垮眿緗戜笂鏇存敼鍚堝悓淇℃伅錛屽湪涓婃姤鎴垮湴浜у競鍦轟俊鎮緗戜箣鍓嶏紝寮鍙戝晢鍜岃喘鎴胯呰繕鍙浠ュ崗鍟嗗彉鏇村悎鍚屼俊錛屼竴鏃︿笂鎶ヤ箣鍚庯紝鐢靛瓙鍚堝悓鐨勬牳蹇冨唴瀹瑰皢涓嶈兘榪涜屼慨鏀廣
濡傛灉闇瑕佷慨鏀規牳蹇冧俊鎮錛屽垯闇瑕佸湪鍚堝悓澶囨堣蔣浠朵笂鐢寵鋒挙閿絳劇害錛岄噸鏂拌繘琛岀劇害錛岀粡鍙屾柟鍗忓畾錛24灝忔椂鍐呭厑璁告挙閿緗戜笂絳劇害銆傛埧灞嬬綉涓婄捐喘鐨勶紝鍟嗗搧鎴跨捐㈢殑3涓宸ヤ綔鏃ュ唴錛岀粡涔板崠鍙屾柟鍗忓晢涓鑷撮渶瑕佸彉鏇村悎鍚岀殑灝辨牳蹇冨唴瀹逛互澶栫殑鐩稿叧鏉℃撅紝寮鍙戝晢浼佷笟鍙浠ヨ皟闃咃紝閲嶆柊淇鏀規墦鍗扮數瀛愬悎鍚屻傝秴榪囦簡3涓宸ヤ綔鏃ユ垨鑰呭凡緇忓囨堬紝鏃犺烘槸鏍稿績鍐呭硅繕鏄鏍稿績浠ュ栫殑鍐呭癸紝鍧囦拱鍗栧弻鏂瑰崗鍟嗕竴鑷達紝鎸佸囨堝悎鍚屽拰鍚堝悓鍙樻洿鐢寵峰埌鍏鋒湁綆¤緰鏉冪殑鎴垮湴浜т氦鏄撶＄悊閮ㄩ棬鍔炵悊鐩稿叧鎵嬬畫銆傛灉宸茬粡澶囨堬紝鍦ㄥ晢鍝佹埧絳捐㈢殑3涓宸ヤ綔鏃ュ唴錛岀粡涔板崠鍙屾柟鍗忓晢涓鑷達紝闇瑕佸彉鏇村悎鍚屾牳蹇冨唴瀹逛互澶栫殑鐩稿叧鏉℃撅紝寮鍙戝晢浼佷笟鍙浠ヨ皟闃咃紝閲嶆柊淇鏀規墦鍗扮數瀛愬悎鍚屻
涔版埧緗戠句簡閾惰屽℃壒涓嶉氳繃鎬庝箞鍔
1銆佸叏嬈句拱鎴匡細緗戠捐喘鎴垮悗璐鋒懼℃壒涓嶉氳繃鐨勶紝涓鑸鏄瑕佹寜鐓ц喘鎴垮悎鍚岀殑綰﹀畾涓哄噯錛岀敤鎴烽夋嫨緇х畫璐鎴跨殑錛岄偅涔堥渶瑕佸湪瑙勫畾鐨勬椂闂磋寖鍥磋ˉ榻愬墿浣欑殑鎴挎撅紝鐢ㄦ埛鍙浠ラ夋嫨浠樺叏嬈炬垨鑰呭垎鏈熶粯嬈俱
2銆侀鎴誇笉鍐嶈喘涔幫細鑰屽湪緗戠劇粨鏉熺殑鎯呭喌涓嬪姙鐞嗛鎴匡紝寮鍙戝晢寰寰浼氳佹眰鏀浠樹竴瀹氱殑榪濈害閲戱紝涓嶈繃鐢ㄦ埛涔熷彲浠ュ皾璇曟洿鎹㈠熻捶閾惰屾垨鑰呮槸鎻愰珮棣栦粯姣斾緥鍘婚噸鏂扮敵璇瘋捶嬈俱
㈡ 涔版埧棣栦粯嬈句氦浜嗚捶嬈炬病瀹℃壒鎴愬姛鑳介鎴垮悧
涔版埧浜や簡棣栦粯錛岃捶嬈懼姙涓嶄笅鏉ュ彲浠ラ鎴垮悧錛
涔版埧瀛愪氦浜嗛栦粯錛屾埧璐峰姙涓嶄笅鏉ヨ兘涓嶈兘閫鎴匡紝瑕佸垎浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜鎯呭喌錛
錛堜竴錛夊傛灉鎴胯捶鍔炰笉涓嬫潵錛屾槸鍥犱負寮鍙戝晢鐨勫師鍥犻犳垚鐨勶紝姣斿傚紑鍙戝晢鎵嬬畫涓嶉綈澶囩瓑鎯呭喌錛屽艱嚧涔版柟涓嶈兘鍔炵悊鎸夋彮鍙堟棤鑳藉姏緇х畫灞ヨ屽悎鍚岀殑錛岃繖縐嶆儏鍐典拱鏂瑰彲浠ラ鎴匡紝涓嶇敤鎵挎媴璐ｄ換錛岀敋鑷寵繕鍙浠ヨ佹眰寮鍙戝晢璧斿伩鑷宸辯殑鎹熷け銆
錛堜簩錛夊傛灉鏄鍥犱負鍍忓浗瀹惰捶嬈炬斂絳栬皟鏁淬侀摱琛岃捶嬈捐勬ā闄愬埗絳夋斂絳栨у師鍥犲姙涓嶄笅鏉ヨ捶嬈撅紝閭ｄ箞榪欑嶆儏鍐墊棦涓嶈兘鎬寮鍙戝晢涔熶笉鑳芥璐鎴胯咃紝濡傛灉鍙戠敓榪欑嶆儏鍐碉紝璐鎴胯呬篃鍙浠ヨ佹眰閫鎴匡紝閫榪橀栦粯嬈俱
錛堜笁錛夊傛灉鏄鍥犱負璐鎴胯呰嚜宸辯殑鍘熷洜錛屾瘮濡傛彁渚涜祫鏂欎笉榻愬囷紝鎴栬呰喘鎴胯呯己涔忚繕嬈捐兘鍔涳紝閾惰屽℃煡璁や負璐鎴胯呬笉絎﹀悎璐鋒炬潯浠訛紝瀵艱嚧鍔炰笉浜嗚捶嬈劇殑錛屽傛灉璐鎴胯呰佹眰瑙ｉ櫎璐鎴垮悎鍚岋紝娉曢櫌涓鑸鏄涓嶄細鏀鎸佺殑銆傚傛灉鍙戠敓榪欐牱鐨勬儏鍐碉紝璐鎴胯呭簲璇ヤ笌寮鍙戝晢閲嶆柊鍗忓晢浜ゆ句簨瀹滐紝鎴栬呯洿鎺ュ悜寮鍙戝晢浜ゆ竻鎴挎俱備笉鑳界即綰蟲埧嬈劇殑錛屽紑鍙戝晢鍙浠ヤ緷鎹鍚堝悓綰﹀畾錛岃佹眰璐鎴胯呮壙鎷呰繚綰﹁矗浠匯
娉曞緥渚濇嵁錛氥婃渶楂樹漢姘戞硶闄㈠叧浜庡＄悊鍟嗗搧鎴誇拱鍗栧悎鍚岀籂綰鋒堜歡閫傜敤娉曞緥鑻ュ共闂棰樼殑瑙ｉ噴銆
絎鍗佷節鏉°鍟嗗搧鎴誇拱鍗栧悎鍚岀害瀹氾紝涔板彈浜轟互鎷呬繚璐鋒炬柟寮忎粯嬈俱佸洜褰撲簨浜轟竴鏂瑰師鍥犳湭鑳借㈢珛鍟嗗搧鎴挎媴淇濊捶嬈懼悎鍚屽苟瀵艱嚧鍟嗗搧鎴誇拱鍗栧悎鍚屼笉鑳界戶緇灞ヨ岀殑錛屽規柟褰撲簨浜哄彲浠ヨ鋒眰瑙ｉ櫎鍚堝悓鍜岃禂鍋挎崯澶便傚洜涓嶅彲褰掕矗浜庡綋浜嬩漢鍙屾柟鐨勪簨鐢辨湭鑳借㈢珛鍟嗗搧鎴挎媴淇濊捶嬈懼悎鍚屽苟瀵艱嚧鍟嗗搧鎴誇拱鍗栧悎鍚屼笉鑳界戶緇灞ヨ岀殑錛屽綋浜嬩漢鍙浠ヨ鋒眰瑙ｉ櫎鍚堝悓錛屽嚭鍗栦漢搴斿綋灝嗘敹鍙楃殑璐鎴挎炬湰閲戝強鍏跺埄鎮鎴栬呭畾閲戣繑榪樹拱鍙椾漢銆
鎴胯捶璐蜂笉涓嬫潵棣栦粯鍙浠ラ鍚
鍙浠ラ銆
鎴胯捶鑻ユ槸鍔炰笉涓嬫潵錛屽㈡埛鍙浠ラ夋嫨閫鎴匡紝灞婃椂鑷鐒惰兘鎵炬埧鍦頒駭寮鍙戝晢鐢寵烽鍥炰箣鍓嶆敮浠樼殑鎴垮瓙棣栦粯嬈俱
鍙鏄澶у墮渶瑕佹敞鎰忥紝濡傛灉瀵艱嚧鎴胯捶鍔炰笉涓嬫潵鐨勫師鍥犲嚭鑷瀹㈡埛韜涓婏紝姣斿備俊鐢ㄤ笉濂斤紝閭ｅ㈡埛鍘婚鎴挎槸闇瑕佹壙鎷呬竴瀹氳繚綰﹁矗浠葷殑錛屽眾鏃舵埧鍦頒駭寮鍙戝晢鍙鑳戒笉浼氭妸鎴垮瓙棣栦粯嬈懼叏閮ㄩ榪樺洖鏉ワ紝浼拌′細鎵ｄ竴閮ㄥ垎鍏呭綋榪濈害閲戙
褰撶劧錛屽傛灉鎴胯捶鍔炰笉浜嗙殑鍘熷洜涓嶅湪浜庡㈡埛錛岃屾槸鎴垮湴浜у紑鍙戝晢鐨勯棶棰橈紝姣斿傝瘉浠朵笉榻愬叏錛岄偅瀹㈡埛鑷鐒朵笉鐢ㄦ壙鎷呰繚綰﹁矗浠伙紝鍙浠ヨ佹眰寮鍙戝晢鍏ㄩ濋榪樻埧瀛愰栦粯嬈撅紝鐢氳嚦鍙浠ヨ佹眰瀵規柟鏀浠樹竴瀹氱殑鎹熷け璐圭敤銆
鍥犳わ紝鑻ユ埧璐峰垵嬈＄敵璇峰け璐ワ紝寤鴻瀹㈡埛鍏堟兂鍔炴硶鏌ユ槑鍘熷洜錛岃嫢涓嶆槸寮鍙戝晢涓嶅叿澶囧敭鎴胯祫鏍肩殑緙樻晠錛岄偅鍏跺疄鍙浠ュ皾璇曞啀嬈＄敵璇鳳紝鎹涓瀹墮摱琛岄噸鏂板姙鐞嗭紝鐒跺悗澶氳ˉ鍏呭畬鍠勮祫鏂欙紝浠ュ強鍙璇曠潃榪藉姞棣栦粯嬈撅紝榪樺彲鎵句釜璧勪俊鑹濂界殑浜哄仛鎷呬繚錛屾病鍑嗘埧璐峰氨鑳介『鍒╁姙涓嬫潵浜嗐
銆愭嫇灞曡祫鏂欍
鎸夋彮璐鋒句拱鎴挎椂鏈夊摢浜涢渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑浜嬮」錛
1.鐢寵瘋捶嬈鵑濆害瑕侀噺鍔涜岃屻
鍦ㄧ敵璇鋒椂錛屽熸句漢搴旇ュ硅嚜宸辯洰鍓嶇殑緇忔祹瀹炲姏銆佽繕嬈捐兘鍔涘仛鍑烘ｇ『鐨勫垽鏂錛屽悓鏃跺硅嚜宸辨湭鏉ョ殑鏀跺叆鍙婃敮鍑哄仛鍑烘ｇ『鐨勩佸㈣傜殑棰勬祴錛岃皚鎱庡湴紜瀹氳捶嬈鵑噾棰濄佽捶嬈炬湡闄愬拰榪樻炬柟寮忥紝鏍規嵁鑷宸辯殑鏀跺叆姘村鉤璁捐¤繕嬈捐″垝錛屽苟閫傚綋鐣欐湁浣欏湴銆
2.鍔炴寜鎻瑕侀夋嫨濂借捶嬈鵑摱琛屻
閾惰岀殑鏈嶅姟鍝佺嶈秺澶氳秺緇嗭紝鎮ㄥ皢鑾峰緱鐏墊椿澶氭牱鐨勪釜浜洪噾鋙嶆湇鍔★紝浠ュ強涓板瘜鐨勬湇鍔′笌浜у搧緇勫悎銆傚傛湁浜涢摱琛屾帹鍑轟簡涓緋誨垪鏂頒婦鎺錛屽備負鍊熸句漢璋冩暣璐鋒炬湡闄愩佸厑璁稿熸句漢鍙樻洿鐗┿佸彉鏇存埧鍦頒駭鏉冨埄浜虹瓑銆
3.瑕侀夊畾鏈閫傚悎鑷宸辯殑榪樻炬柟寮忋
鐩鍓嶅熀鏈涓婃湁涓ょ嶄釜浜轟綇鎴胯捶嬈捐繕嬈炬柟寮忥細絳夐濊繕嬈炬柟寮忓拰絳夐濇湰閲戣繕嬈炬柟寮忋傞噰鐢ㄧ瓑棰濊繕嬈捐繕嬈炬柟寮忥紝榪樻鵑濆皢淇濇寔涓嶅彉錛堣皟鏁村埄鐜囬櫎澶栵級錛屾柟渚胯繕嬈撅紝浣嗘敮浠樼殑鍒╂伅嬈捐緝澶氾紱閲囩敤絳夐濇湰閲戣繕嬈炬柟寮忥紝姣忔湀榪樻鵑濆湪閫愭笎鍑忓皯銆
4.鍚戦摱琛屾彁渚涜祫鏂欒佺湡瀹炪
搴旀彁渚涚湡瀹炵殑涓浜鴻亴涓氥佽亴鍔″拰榪戞湡緇忔祹鏀跺叆鎯呭喌璇佹槑銆傚傛灉娌℃湁瓚沖熺殑鑳藉姏榪樿捶錛屽嵈澶稿ぇ鑷宸辯殑鏀跺叆姘村鉤錛屽緢鏈夊彲鑳藉湪榪樿捶鍒濇湡鍙戠敓榪濈害錛屽苟涓旂粡閾惰岃皟鏌ヨ瘉瀹炰綘鎻愪緵鉶氬亣璇佹槑錛屼細浠庤屽獎鍝嶅埌鑷宸辯殑銆
棣栦粯浜や簡璐鋒懼姙涓嶄笅鏉ュ彲浠ラ鎴垮悧
鍙浠ョ殑錛屽㈡埛涔版埧浜や簡棣栦粯鍚庯紝鐢寵風殑鎴胯捶鍔炰笉涓嬫潵鐨勮瘽錛屾槸鍙浠ラ夋嫨閫鎴跨殑銆備笉榪囪嫢瀹㈡埛鐨勭『鏈夎喘鎴塊渶奼傦紝閭ｄ笉鍒頒竾涓嶅緱宸詫紝涓嶅緩璁瀹㈡埛鐩存帴閫夋嫨閫鎴褲傚挨鍏舵槸鍥犱釜浜哄師鍥犲艱嚧鎴胯捶鍔炰笉涓嬫潵鐨勬儏鍐碉紝瀹㈡埛鍘葷敵璇烽鎴垮彲鑳借繕闇瑕佹敮浠樹竴瀹氱殑榪濈害閲戙傚叾瀹炴埧璐蜂竴嬈＄敵璇蜂笉閫氳繃錛岃繕鍙浠ュ皾璇曠敵璇風浜屾°
鍥犱負鍑嗗囩殑璧勬枡涓嶅叏闈㈠艱嚧鐨勶紝閭ｅ㈡埛鍑嗗囧ソ鍏呰凍瀹屽杽銆佸噯紜鏃犺鐨勮祫鏂欓噸鏂扮敵璇峰氨琛屼簡銆傝嫢鏄鍥犱負涓浜鴻礋鍊哄お澶氾紝閭ｅ㈡埛鍙浠ラ夋嫨鎶婂悕涓嬪哄姟榪樻竻浜嗭紝鎴栬呭厛榪樹竴閮ㄥ垎錛岀瓑涓浜鴻礋鍊虹巼涓嬮檷浜嗕箣鍚庡啀鍘葷敵璇鋒埧璐楓傚彧瑕佽瘉鏄庤嚜宸辨湁鑹濂戒俊鐢錛屽叿澶囪凍澶熺殑榪樻捐兘鍔涳紝閭ｆ埧璐蜂竴鑸灝辮兘鍔炰笅鏉ャ
褰撶劧錛岃嫢鎴胯捶鍔炰笉涓嬫潵鏄鎴垮湴浜у紑鍙戝晢璇佷歡涓嶉綈鍏錛屼笉鍏峰囧敭鎴胯祫鏍肩瓑紜鎬у師鍥犵殑璇濓紝閭ｅ㈡埛鐨勭『鍙鏈夐夋嫨閫鎴誇簡銆傝屾ょ嶆儏鍐典笉綆楀㈡埛榪濈害錛屼竴鑸鍙浠ュ叏棰濋鍥為栦粯嬈撅紝涓嶇敤瀹㈡埛鏀浠樿繚綰﹂噾銆
浠樹簡棣栦粯鎴胯捶娌℃壒涓嬫潵鍙浠ラ鎴垮悧
浜や簡棣栦粯鎴垮瓙涓嶆兂瑕佷簡涓鑸鏄涓嶈兘閫錛屽傛灉鍙屾柟鍗忓晢涓鑷撮鎴跨殑鍙浠ヨ繘琛岄鎴褲備絾鍗忓晢涓嶄竴鑷達紝搴斿綋鏍規嵁鍚堝悓涓鐨勮繚綰︽儏鍐佃繘琛岃禂鍋褲傚傛灉鏄褰撲簨浜虹殑鍘熷洜閫鎴垮簲褰撹禂鍋胯繚綰﹂噾錛屽紑鍙戝晢閫榪橀栦粯嬈俱傚傞渶涔版埧閫瀹氶噾鎺ㄨ崘閫夋嫨閫鎴誇俊鎮鍜ㄨ㈠鉤鍙幫紝閫鎴誇俊鎮鍜ㄨ㈠鉤鍙頒笓涓氬彈鐞嗘埧浜у畾閲戠籂綰鋒堜歡錛屽叏鍥藉悇鍦板潎鍙涓婇棬鍙楃悊銆傘愮偣鍑誨挩璇㈠備綍閫璐鎴垮畾閲戙
1銆佷拱鎴誇漢浼犲嚭閫鎴塊氬憡銆
涔版埧浜哄彲鏍規嵁鍖呰９淇′歡銆佸彂浼犵湡鎴栨槸鐢佃瘽絳夌殑鏂瑰紡鍚戝紑鍙戝晢鏄庣『鎻愬嚭銆傚洜寮鍙戝晢涔夊姟閫犳垚閫鎴匡紝搴旂敱寮鍙戝晢鎷呰礋閫鎴垮艱嚧鐨勬崯瀹籌紝鍖呭惈璐鋒捐捶嬈懼埄鎮銆侀栦粯鐨勫瓨嬈懼埄鐜囥佷拱鎴跨殑紼庤垂絳夈傚備拱鎴垮悎鍚屼腑鎵胯轟簡閫鎴跨殑璧斿伩錛屾寜鍚堝悓涔︽壙璇鴻В鍐籌紝鍚堝悓涔︽壙璇虹殑璧斿伩涓嶅熷～琛ユ崯瀹崇殑錛屽彲鍐嶈岃勫畾璧斾粯銆
2銆佸崐涓鏈堝唴鍔炲畬鎵嬬畫銆
涔版埧浜烘槑紜鎻愬嚭閫鎴胯勫畾鍚庡嶮浜旀棩鍐咃紝寮鍙戝晢鐞嗗簲閫鍥炰拱鎴誇漢鏃╁凡浠樻劇殑鎵鏈夋埧嬈撅紝鑰屼笖鎵挎媴鐢寵峰姙鐞嗕拱鎴誇漢涓庤捶嬈鵑噾鋙嶆満鏋勬秷闄ゆ垨鏄瑙ｉ櫎鍚堝悓鐨勬墍鏈夋墜緇錛屽湪涓婅堪鎵嬬畫鎴栨槸鏂囨。騫舵湭絳劇講鍓嶏紝寮鍙戝晢鐞嗗簲鏇誇唬涔版埧浜哄悜璐鋒鵑噾鋙嶆満鏋勪粯嬈炬瘡涓鏈堢殑鏈閽變笌璐鋒懼埄鎮銆
鎯寵佷簡瑙ｆ洿澶氬叧浜庝氦浜嗛栦粯鎴垮瓙涓嶆兂瑕佺殑鐩稿叧淇℃伅錛屾帹鑽愬挩璇㈤鎴誇俊鎮鍜ㄨ㈠鉤鍙幫紝娣卞湷甯傞鎴誇俊鎮鍜ㄨ㈡湁闄愬叕鍙告嫢鏈変竴鏀浼樼鐨勪笓涓氶璐鎴垮畾閲戝洟闃燂紝閫瀹氬箍涓滃垎鍏鍙稿箍涓溿佹禉奼熴佷笂嫻楓佷簯鍗椼佹渤鍗椼佽吹宸炪佸北涓溿佺忓緩銆佹搗鍗椼佸北瑗跨瓑鍏ㄥ浗鍚勪釜鐪佷喚涔版埧瀹氶噾鍧囧彲鎻愪緵涓婇棬涓撲笟鐨勫挩璇錛岃祫娣遍瀹氫漢澹閽堝逛笉鍚屾堜歡鐨勮︾粏鎯呭喌涓瀵逛竴緇欎簣涓撲笟鐨勫緩璁錛屼負浼楀氬㈡埛浜夊彇鍒頒簡搴旇ユ湁鐨勬潈鐩娿